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War doctrine emphasises deception

By Our Special Correspondent

NEW DELHI, NOV. 23. With battlefield transparency improving due to advances in technology, the Army's new war doctrine lays more emphasis on deception over the traditional mode of surprise during war.

``The ability to effect true surprise is progressively reducing. Military planners, therefore, need to concentrate more on deception, as a good and well-coordinated deception plan would help to achieve surprise,'' says the doctrine.

The doctrine wants deception to be developed as an integral component of peacetime and wartime national security policy. ``Deception is intentional, purposeful, calculated and deliberate. The target of deception should be the adversary's decision-making system.'' Further elaborating the concept, the doctrine released on Monday says deceptions should create perceptions and therefore reinforce them. It should aim at misleading an adversary with regard to detectable information, whether actual or notional, by obscuring it. ``Often the best and simplest deception is the presentation of the truth but in such a form that the adversary disbelieves it.''

The process of deception is interactive and should follow the sequential steps of planning, integration and execution. If information warfare has reduced the chances of surprising the enemy, the Army believes that the advent of technology offers unprecedented opportunities for deception operations in scope, effect and imagination. It wants its officers to plan deception operations as meticulously as actual operations, ``if not more''. ``Nothing should be left to chance.

Those charged with planning, approving and executing deception operations must be absolutely adept in all processes that these involve. Training and exercises should integrate the aspect of deception and appropriate resources allotted to develop and refine the art.''

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