The Hindu : International : The secrets of Kryptos and a code to break

Online edition of India's National Newspaper
Sunday, Jun 12, 2005

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International

The secrets of Kryptos and a code to break

Julian Borger

Interest soars in solving the CIA puzzle

WASHINGTON: It is one of the world's most baffling puzzles, the bane of professional cryptologists and amateur sleuths who have spent 15 years trying to solve it. But the race to find the secrets of Kryptos, a sculpture inside a courtyard at the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) heavily guarded headquarters in Langley, Virginia, may be reaching a climax.

And interest has soared since Dan Brown hid references to Kryptos on the cover design for his best-selling novel The Da Vinci Code, and suggested it might play a role in his next novel, The Solomon Key.

The Kryptos sculpture incorporates a coded message made up of thousands of letters punched through a nearly 4-metre high copper scroll. Though it was installed where only CIA agents and cryptographers could see it, amateur code-breakers have worked away on transcripts posted on the CIA's website. Three-quarters of the code has been broken, and the deciphered message so far appears to point to something momentous buried on CIA grounds. But the clues are obscure and the fourth passage of the Kryptos code — known as K4 to the addicted — has remained impenetrable.

However, Elonka Dunin, who runs the most comprehensive website on Kryptos (www.elonka.com/kryptos) said recent activity has surged. ``My baseline was about 500-600 unique visitors a day. But I recently got 30,000 over a 24-hour period,'' said Ms. Dunin, an executive at a Missouri-based internet game company, Simutronics.

Amazement

No one is more amazed at the sudden excitement than Kryptos's creator, Jim Sanborn, who was hired in 1989 by the CIA Director at the time, William Webster. Mr. Sanborn worked with a CIA cryptographer, Ed Scheidt, to produce the coded sculpture, consisting of the S-shaped copper scroll, a petrified tree, a water-filled basin and stones marked with fragments of Morse code and a compass. Placing it in the thick of many of the best code-breakers in the world, they never thought it would take this long. ``These were events I thought would take months not years,'' Mr. Sanborn, a Washington-based sculptor, commented.

The references to Kryptos on the jacket of The Da Vinci Code were only spotted recently. Now Mr. Sanborn is worried that the religious and spiritual overtones of Brown's books could settle on his sculpture. ``Somehow I've been drawn into that vortex,'' he said.

With that in mind, Mr Sanborn is taking precautions. ``I have taken all Kryptos-related material from my house and studio,'' he said.

It took eight years for the first three Kryptos passages to be cracked, by a CIA officer named David Stein, after a total of 400 hours with pen and paper. He was hit, he later wrote, ``by that sweetly ecstatic, rare experience that I have heard described as a `moment of clarity'.''

This being the CIA, the solution was kept a secret, but it was solved separately by Jim Gillogly, a California computer scientist, who published the first three passages in 1999. They both used the same method, relying on the fact that the English language uses letters with varying frequencies, allowing code-breakers to calculate which ciphers represent which letters. The fourth passage has been masked to make that impossible. So far, Mr. Gillogly, one of America's best cryptologists, says he has spent ``a couple of hundred hours spread over six years'' on the 97 remaining letters, with no success.

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